Therearefivefluorescentcontrolliposomeproducts(Fluoroliposome®)forClodrosome®(Clodronateliposomes).Allfivefluorescentliposomesincorporatealipophilicdyeinsidetheirmembranes.Theyareinsolubleinwater;however,theirfluorescenceiseasilydetectedwhenincorporatedintomembranes.DiI,DiO,DiD,DiRandDiAcoverawiderangeofexcitationandemissionwavelengthsfrom300sto900s.DiIandDiOhavefluorescenceexcitationandemissionmaximaseparatedbyabout65nm,facilitatingtwo-colorlabeling.TheemissionspectrumofDiAisverybroad,allowingittobedetectedasgreen,orangeorevenredfluorescencedependingontheopticalfilterused.DiI,DiO,DiDandDiRbelongtothedialkylcarbocyaninesfamilyofcompounds.Thespectralpropertiesofthedialkylcarbocyaninesarelargelyindependentofthelengthsofthealkylchains.Instead,theyaredeterminedbytheheteroatomsintheterminalringsystemsandthelengthoftheconnectingbridge.Theyhaveextremelyhighextinctioncoefficients,moderatefluorescencequantumyieldsandshortexcitedstatelifetimesinlipidenvironments(~1ns).Thefluorescencespectrumofeachdyeisshownbelow.

YoucanchoosetheFluoroliposome®basedonthetypeofthefluorescentequipmentandfiltersthatyouuseinyourlab.Clodronateliposomescannotbemadefluorescentsimplyduetothepotentialforinaccurateand/oruninterpretabledatabeinggeneratedbylabelledClodrosome®.Formoreinformation,pleaserefertothetechnicalnotesection.